HOSA Physical Therapy Assessment Practice Test

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited chronic pulmonary disease primarily affecting the lungs and digestive system of individuals. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which leads to the production of thick and sticky mucus. This thick mucus can clog airways, making it difficult for individuals to breathe and leading to various lung infections and complications.

In children, especially among the white population, CF is one of the most common genetic diseases. The thick mucus obstructs the normal function of the respiratory system, trapping bacteria and leading to severe respiratory challenges. Additionally, the condition can affect other organ systems, particularly the pancreas, by blocking the secretion of digestive enzymes.

The other conditions mentioned do not share the same genetic basis or the specific symptom of thick mucus production characteristic of cystic fibrosis. Asthma is an inflammatory condition of the airways that can cause difficulty breathing but is not due to abnormal mucus production. Bronchitis can occur due to infections or irritants but does not have the inherited component or the specific mucus characteristics of CF. Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs that can cause fluid accumulation but is not an inherited condition and does not inherently involve thick mucus production as a defining characteristic.