What is a condition characterized by joint inflammation and pain?

Arthritis is the correct answer because it specifically refers to a group of conditions involving inflammation of the joints, which leads to pain, swelling, stiffness, and a reduced range of motion. The word "arthritis" itself comes from the Greek term "arthron," which means joint, and "itis," meaning inflammation. This term encompasses various types of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and gout, all characterized by joint inflammation.

Other conditions listed do not primarily focus on joint inflammation or pain in the same way. Osteoporosis is a condition that involves a decrease in bone density and strength, increasing the risk of fractures but does not primarily involve joint inflammation. Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread pain and tenderness but is not classified solely as a joint condition. Osteoarthritis, while it involves joint pain and is often referred to as a degenerative joint disease, is a specific type of arthritis and does not encompass the broader range of inflammatory conditions associated with arthritis in general.