What neural developmental disorder is characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication skills?

Autism is a neural developmental disorder that fundamentally impacts an individual’s ability to engage in social interactions and communicate effectively. This condition is often characterized by a spectrum of symptoms, which can range from mild to severe. Individuals with autism may exhibit difficulties in understanding social cues, expressing emotions, and engaging in reciprocal conversations.

In addition to challenges in social communication, those diagnosed may engage in repetitive behaviors or have restricted interests, further complicating their interactions with others. The importance of early diagnosis and intervention cannot be overstated, as tailored support can significantly improve the quality of life and development of social skills in those affected.

The other options represent distinct conditions that do not primarily emphasize deficits in social interaction and communication in the same way that autism does. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is primarily characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Asperger's Syndrome, once considered a separate diagnosis, is now included within the autism spectrum and often shares similar social and communication difficulties. Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder that leads to a variety of physical and intellectual challenges but is not specifically defined by the social interaction and communication impairments seen in autism.