What technique records the electrical potential in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp?

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique specifically designed to record the electrical activity of the brain by placing electrodes on the scalp. This method captures the brain's electrical potentials, which can provide valuable insights into neuronal function and help diagnose various neurological conditions. EEG is particularly useful for monitoring brain activity in real-time and is often employed in clinical settings to assess conditions such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and other brain-related issues.

In contrast, electromyography (EMG) measures the electrical activity of muscles, and while it is related to neural function, it does not focus on brain activity specifically. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are imaging techniques used to visualize internal structures of the body, including the brain, but they do not record electrical activity. MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of organs and tissues, while CT scans utilize X-rays to create cross-sectional images. Therefore, EEG is the only option that directly measures electrical potential in the brain through electrodes on the scalp.