Which condition is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine?

The condition characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine is scoliosis. Scoliosis involves an abnormal sideways curvature, typically shaped like an "S" or a "C." This condition can develop during the growth spurts of childhood or adolescence and may lead to uneven shoulders and hips.

In contrast, kyphosis refers to an excessive outward curvature of the spine, leading to a hunchbacked posture, often affecting the thoracic vertebrae. Lordosis, on the other hand, is an excessive inward curve of the lower back (lumbar region), which is sometimes referred to as "swayback." A herniated disc involves the displacement of disc material in the spine that can compress nerves but does not describe a curvature of the spine itself.

Understanding the distinct characteristics of these conditions helps clearly define scoliosis as the one involving lateral curvature.